Assessment of genetic variability of quality, yield, and its attributing traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Abstract

Sorghum (2n=2x=20) being the fifth most important cereal crop in the world with high adaptability and tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding genetic variability and association studies aids in enhancing the fodder yield of sorghum and identifying promising genotypes. The experiment was conducted at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, using a randomized block design with three replications. The assessment of genetic variability revealed significant differences among the studied genotypes for traits such as stem thickness, total soluble solids (TSS), and leaf area. These traits also demonstrated high heritability and genetic advance, indicating their potential for selection in crop improvement programs. Correlation and path coefficient analysis identified TSS, leaf length, and stem thickness as the most influential traits for green fodder yield. On the other hand, traits like leaf area and chlorophyll content had negative impacts on yield. Genetic divergence analysis grouped the genotypes into 12 clusters, with significant inter-cluster distances suggesting the potential for selecting diverse parents for breeding. Clusters VIII and X showed the highest inter-cluster distance, indicating significant genetic differentiation.  The study highlights the presence of considerable genetic diversity, identifying SOR14520, and SOR14579 as the best genotypes for sorghum improvement. Selection for traits like TSS, stem thickness, and leaf area in these genotypes can significantly enhance green fodder yield.